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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1-.

M. DEPREZ & B. ABDANK-ABAKANOWIGZ. APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.

-No ..372,404. Patented Nov. 1, 1887.

6 j Z a I J (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. DEPREZ & B. ABDANK-ABAKANOWIGZ. APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ELEGTRIGAL SIGNALS.

Patented 'Nov. 1. 1887.

. rneww 771arcel ,C firum' fd 43a Zi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ll/[AROEL DEPREZ AND BRUNO. ABDANK-ABAKANOWVIGZ, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 372,404, dated November 1, 1837.

Application filed May 4, 1885. Serial No. 164,296. (No model.) Patentrd in France September 1, 1884, No. 164,049; in England February 25, 1885, No. 52,555; in Belgium February 26, 1885, No. 49,945; in Denmark February 27, 1885; in Sweden and Norway March 4, 1885. No. 149; in Germany March 7, 1885, No. 20,123; in Austria-Hungary Marsh 9, 1885, and in Ita y March 10. 1885,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, MARoEL DEPREZ and BRUNO ABDAEK-ABAKANowIoz, both of 1 Boulevard St. Denis, Paris, France, electrical engineers, have invented Improvementsin Apparatusfor Transmitting and Receiving Electrical Signals, (patentedin France, September 1, 1884, No. 164,049; Belgium, February 26, 1885, No. 49,945; Sweden and Norway, March 4, 1885, No. 149; Denmark, February 27, 1885;

England, February 25, 1885, No. 2,555; Germany, March 7, 1885, No. 20,128; Austria- Hungary, March 9, 1885, and Italy, March 10, 1885, No. 18,032,) of which the following is a 1 specification.

Our invention relates to systems of electric signaling, more especially, although not exclusively, adapted for use in connection with telephone-exchanges; and it comprises im- 2 provemcnts in signal transmitters and receivers and in circuit-connections and automatic switches necessarily used therewith.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specificatiomwe have illustrated 2 variousformsofonrimprovements; but it will be understood that we are not limited to identical embodiments of our invention herein shown, except in so far as they are specifically defined in the claims.

Figure 1 represents in sectional front elevation and in side elevation one form of our signal-transmitters; Figs. 2, 3, and 4, modified forms of the same in front elevation, partly in section; Fig. 5, a side elevation, partly in section, of the form shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a detail of a modification of the same. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 illustrate various forms of our improved signal-receivers; Fig. 11, a sectional View of a magneto -telephone with our in1- proved signaling apparatus applied thereto;

Fig. 12, a sectional elevation of our signal-re ceiver applied to operate an annunciator. Fig.

13 is a diagram of the circuits upon which our improved apparatus may be worked, and Figs.

5 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 illustrate the automatic switches used in conjunction with our signal transmitters and receivers.

In Fig. 1 there are shown two permanent magnets, A A, of the horseshoe type, secured to a suitable support parallel to each other, so that a clear space is left between the two magnets. Aleafspring, R, is fixed at one end to the piece which separates the magnets at their yokes or neutral portions, and it extends parallel to and between the two magnets. At its free end this spring carries a coil, B, of in sulated wire, the core 13 of which is provided with polar extensions B, which are bent at right angles around the poles of the magnets, and as close as possible to the same without touching. The two magnets are so arranged that their unlike poles face each other, and in the normal condition of the spring the core of the coil will extend in the space between the magnets and the polar extensions will be at equal distances from the adjacent poles of the same or will face each of them to the same extent. lf, however, the spring is set into vibration, the core of the coil will alternately come into line with the two branches of one magnet and then the other, and, similarly, the polar extensions will face the opposite poles of one magnet and then the other. By this action, as is well understood, alternating currents will be generated in the coil, and if the terminals of the coil are connected with a circuit in which a bell or other apparatus capable of responding to alternating currents is included such apparatus will be operated. It is the fune tion of the angular polar extensions to render the currents generated in the coil as strong as possible, and for this reason these polar extensions are so located as to pass through the strongest parts of the magnetic fields of the magnets. \Vithout being bent around the poles of the magnets this effect could not be produced, since the magnetic field is most dense in the immediatevicinityof theface ofa magnet-pole. A handle, L, is suitably secured to the coil, and lugs a b on the polar extensions, in conjunction with stops a I) on the frame or support, limit the extent to which the'spring can be deflected without danger of breaking the same or of strainingit beyond its limit of elasticity.

The operation of this signal-transmitter is so clear that a detailed description ofit seems unnecessary.

In Fig. 2 only one permanent magnet, A, is shown. This magnet is preferably eircularin cross-section, and is bent into the shape of a circle with its two poles facing each other, so that a segmental space is left between the same, as shown. Two coils, B B, segmental in shape, are loosely placed one upon each branch of the magnet, and they are connected at their inner faces by a segmental piece, D, ofiron,which constitutes an armature to the magnet and fixes the relative location of the two coils. This relation is such that in the normal condition of the apparatus, as indi eated in the drawings, each coil is fairly over one pole of the magnet. Two stationary seg mental armatures, CC, are arranged so that each faces the outer face of a coil, and as close to the same as may be without touching. The function of these armatures is to intensify the magnetic field within the space in which the coils are vibrated. A volute spring,R, fixed to a suitable support (not shown) at a point corresponding to the center of the circle formed by the magnet, is secured with its free end to the middle of armature D, and the handle L, secured to one of the coils, is grasped by the operator for swinging the two coils,with the attached armature,to one side against the tension of the volute spring. When in this strained position, the handle is releascd,and actuated by the spring, the two coils perform a series of rapid oscillations, whereby in each coil a series of alternating currents is generated, as is well understood by those skilled in the art. It will also be understood that the currents simultaneously generatedin the two coils have the samedireetion, and these coils may therefore be connected in series to obtain the benefit of the sum of the tensions of both currents.

In Fig. 3 the arrangement is somewhat modified. The magnet A in this case is a complete circle, and is magnetized to have its 0ppositc poles, N S, at opposite points of the diameter. The armatures D D are secured to the inner'face of each coil and connected by a magnetic bar, D,which passes through and is pivoted in the center of the circle formed by the magnet. The volute spring R has in this case the same function as in the construction shown in Fig. 2. The ring-magnet may be made with any number of consequentpoles, and the nu mbcr of coils used will correspond to the number of these poles.

In Figs. 4 and 5 the construction approaches that ofan ordinary magneto-electric generator. The magnet A is in this case formed substantially like that employed in the construction shown in Fig. 2, with this difference, however, that the faces of the opposing poles are recessed similar in this respect to the recesses in the pole-pieces of magneto electric generators. The coil B is wound upon .an I -shaped core, which isjournaled in side bars, T T, secured to the neutral part of the magnet and extending down into the vicinity of the space hetween the recesses in the pole-faces. A crossbar, T, connects the two side bars, and two helical springs, r r, fixed at one end to the cross-bar, are secured with their other ends to the core. By the action of these springs coil B, with its core, which together constitute practically the armature of a magneto electric generator, of which A is the field-magnet, is

normally held in the position shown in the drawings'viz., with its magnetic axis at right angles to the line which connects the poles of the magnet. In order to secure this normal position, a piece, E. of soft iron, passing at right angles through the I'core, may be employed, as shown in Fig. 6. It will now be understood that if the pivoted armature is -leaf-spring,'R, which carries at its free end the core F of the coil. This core passes quite loosely through the wide bore of the coil, so that it may freely vibrate within the same, and extends a short distance below the core be tween the pole-pieces N S of the magnet, and to its free end is secured the handle of the bellhammer, as shown. By means of suitable binding-posts, d d, the signaling-line is connected withthe coil, as shown in the draw ings, and the incoming alternating currents, generated by any one of the signal-transmitters hereinbefore described, will magnetize the core, so as to produce alternately a north and south pole at the lower end of the same, and, as is Well understood by those skilled in the art, the bell'hammer will strike the bell in rapid succession and thus sound the signal.

In Fig. 8 the construction is similar to that shown in Fig. 7, with this difference, that the bell in this instance is arranged to cover the mechanism, as shown. Besides this, the bell is shaped with a boss, I on its inner surface and near the edge, and the bell-hammer is arranged to strike against said boss.

In Fig. 9 the bell is also arranged to cover the mechanism, and the latter is somewhat modified. There are in this instance two permanent horseshoemagnets and two springs B B, each carrying a polar extension of the core F, which extensions are in operative relation to the pole-pieces N S of the permanent magnet, as shown. The core has axial movement within the coil, and the bell-hammer secured to the core has a rectilinear movement, striking the bell radially.

In Fig. 10 two permanent magnets A A,

each bent at right angles, as shown. are used. The coil B is in this instance preferably flat or elliptical, and itis held by spring R in position between the legs of the two magnets,with its core projecting at one end between north and south poles of the magnets, and at the other end between south and north poles ofthe same, as will be readily understood. The bell-hammer is in operative relation to two bells, PP, and the supports of said bells serve at the same time as limiting-stops for the hammer-lever, which for this purpose is provided with a buffer, a". The operation of this form of signalreceiver is so clear that a specific description is deemed unnecessary.

In Fig. 11 a magneto-telephone is shown provided with our improved signaling apparatus. There are two permanent magnets A A, between which the signal-transmitter coil B, actuated by handle L, vibrates, and polar extensions from one of the magnets, A, serve as cores to telephone-coils K K, while similar polar extensions from the other magnet,A,are in operative relation to the vibratory core F of the signaLreceiVer. The casing of the telephone is closed at the back by the bell, and the whole forms a complete telephonic outfit.

In Fig. 12 our signal-receiver is shown to operate at the same time an annunciator. The bell-hammer is made to strike a lever, L, at one end. when it moves away from the bell (which for the sake of clearness of illustration has been omitted from the drawings.) This lever is secured to a small vertical shaft, L

journaled in suitable bearings, as shown, and.

a hook or catch, If, formed at the other end of the lever, holds the annunciator-plate L in an elevated position. \Vhen the lever re ceives the blows of the bell-hammer, it swings sidewise about its axis L", and the hook releasing the annunciator-plate allows the latter to drop.

Several of our improved signal-transmitters are preferably placed in derived circuit from a main line, so that a number of subscribers may communicate-with the central station over the same main line. This is indicated in Fig. 13, where e e is the main line, It a signalreceiver at a central station, and g 9 signaltransmitters atsubscribers stations in derived circuits f f, f f. If such arrangement is employed, it will be understood that the trans niitters must be normally on open circuit, for otherwise, if in the operation of one transmitter its particular derived circuit is opened, a portion of its current would be diverted into the other derived circuits, which might give cause to false alarms.

the signal-receiver h is in the line.

nected with the second line-wiref. When the coil vibrates, the spring 1% will come alternately into contact with one or the other of the contact-buttons and allow an electric impulse to pass to line.

In Fig. 15 the arrangement is substantially the same as in Fig. 14, only that the contacts are in this instance madein the form of springs, whereby the duration of the contact is prolonged. A contact-pimf", carried by spring Rand projecting between the springs f f, establishes the contact.

In Fig. 16 the same result is obtained by a modified construction. Spring R is fixed to a metallic bracket, 0, and to the same bracket are pivoted two metal balls,z' 'i, which are joined by metal rods 2" i to a boss, as shown. There are two contactplates, ff one on each side ofspring R, and insulated from the latter, which are both connected with one of the linewiresf, the other line-wire being connected with the coil. It' the latter vibrates, contact is alternately made between one contact-plate and one adjacent ball and then between the other contact plate and its adjacent ball, whereby the electrical impulses are allowed to pass to the line.

It, in place of the multiplearc connection indicated in Fig. 13, a number of signal-transmitters are arranged in series upon the same line, which is sometimes done, then each coil should be normally shortcircuited. Such ar rangement is shown in Fig. 17. In this case the coil is placed direetlyin the line by branch conductors Z Z, while the contact springsf f are normally both in contact with spring It, and constitute with the latter a short circuit around the coil. If the latter is vibrated, con tact of spring R with one and then the other spring f is alternately broken, whereby the short circuit is opened and the electrical impulses are allowed to pass to line.

If the signaling apparatus forms a part of a telephonic station, it is necessary that normally the signal-receiver be in the line, while the signal-transmitter should be cut out. If, however, the signal-transmitter is operated, the reverse condition should prevail. This is accomplished by means of the arrangement shown in Fig. 18. In this arrangement the spring-contacts f" f are in the same relation to spring R as the same parts in Fig. 17, and

In addition to this, there are two auxiliary springs, y y, both normally out of contact with spring R, but in the path of the latter, and both connected to one side of the line in advance ofthe signal-receiver by a conductor, y. One terminal of the coil is connected with spring R and the other, by a conductor, y", with the other side of the line.

The operation of this arrangement is now easily understood. Normally the receiver h is in a short circuit in the line by way off, f, R, f, h,.andf. Incoming currents will therefore in a great measure be diverted from the coil of the transmitter; but if the transmitter is operated the short circuit through the receiver will be opened atf f and the coil will be connected to line at y y, as will be easily understood.

Having now fully described our invention, we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent .1. In an electric signaling apparatus, the combination of a vibratory transmitter for sending alternating electrical impulses to line, with elastic contacts in the path of the vibratory element of the .transmitter for establishing and prolonging communication of the latter with the line when currents are generated, substantially as described.

2. In an electric signaling apparatus, the combination of a Vibratory transmitter for sending alternating electrical impulses to line with yielding contacts, one on each side of the transmitter and in the path of the same, normally short-circuiting the transmitter, and

connections from the transmitter to the line, whereby at each vibration of the former the short circuit is opened and an impulse is sent to line, substantially as described.

3. In anelectric signaling apparatus, the combination of a vibratory transmitter for sending'alternating electrical impulses to line with elastic contacts, one on each side of the transmitter, in the path of and normally shortcircuitin g the same, a signal-receiver included in the short circuit, and auxiliary contacts in the path of the transmitter for connecting the latter with the line around the receiver when the transmitter vibrates, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a combined electric signaling apparatus and telephone, the combination of two permanent magnets and a vibratory signaltransmitting coil mounted between and in inductive proximity to the same, with a polar extension from one of the magnets constituting the core of the telephone-coil, and a polar extension from the other magnet constituting .the core of asi'gnal-bell, substantially as described.

5. In a combined telephone and electric signaling apparatus, the combination of a cylindrical casing having a telephone mouth-piece closing one end and a-bell closing the other end, with permanent magnets and a vibratory signal-transmitting coil mounted between the same, and two polar extensions from the magnets constituting the cores of the telephone and bell magnets, substantially as described.

6. In an electric signaling apparatus, the combination of a magnetizing-coil in the signaling-circuin'with a vibratory core movable within the coil, a bell-hammer carried by the core, and a pivoted annunciator-plate actu-.

ated by the bell-hammer, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

MARCEL DEPREZ. BRUNO ABDANK-ABAKANOWICZ.

\Vitnesses:

DAVID T. S. FULLER, ALBERT CAHEN. 

